Oxford University Press

Extensive extracts from over 20 major U.S. Supreme Court decisions provide excellent primary source illustration of the topics under discussion

- Accessible guide to the complex area of local government law in a single affordable volume — Updated to cover legislative changes since the first edition's publication in 1997, including the Local Government Act 2003 and the new Capital Finance Rules brought into force in April 2004 — Coverage has been expanded from first edition to now include; partnerships; joint ventures; procurement; freedom of information; well-being; best value; and human rights — Clear and user-friendly chapter structure and extensive use of examples, checklists, and key documents assist the reader in quickly locating the material they need New to this edition — Coverage has been expanded to include partnerships; joint ventures; procurement; freedom of information; well-being; best value; and human rights — Updated to include the Local Government Act 2003 and the new Capital Finance Rules brought into force in April 2004 The A Practical Approach series is the perfect partner for practice work. Each title focuses on one field of the law and provides a comprehensive overview of the subject together with clear, practical advice and tips on issues likely to arise in practice. The books are also an excellent resource for those new to the law, where the expert overview and clear layout promotes clarity and ease of understanding. This second edition of A Practical Approach to Local Government Law provides comprehensive coverage of the rull range of law and legislation relating to local government and local authorities. Since the first edition published in 1997, there have been significant legislative changes in the field of local government, including the enactment of the Local Government Act 2003 and the new Capital Finance Rules brought into force in April 2004. This new edition takes these changes fully into account, and covers the increasingly key areas of; partnerships and joint ventures; procurement; freedom of information; wellbeing; best value; and human rights. Very much a practical guide, A Practical Approach to Local Government Law 2/e makes extensive use of examples, checklists, and key documents, to assist the busy practitioner in quickly locating the material they need, whilst also providing valuable context for the student coming to this complex subject for the first time.

- Clear and comprehensive — Covers the latest research developments — Relates work in linguistics and philosophy of language — Includes examples from English and a wide range of languages — Includes exercises and answers, a glossary, and guides to further reading — Written by one of the leading scholars in the field This introduction to pragmatics — the study of language in use — provides an authoritative and comprehensive account of its central topics and a guide to the latest research. It opens with a discussion of the scope, meaning, and history of pragmatics from Aristotle to the present. It shows how the subject relates to the study of semantics, syntax, and sociolinguistics and to such fields as the philosophy of language, linguistic anthropology, and artificial intelligence. The remainder of the volume is divided into two parts. Part I begins with an account of classical and neo-Gricean theories of conversational and conventional implicature. It considers presupposition and speech act theory, and describes the different kinds of deixis. Part II explores some of the most productive current work in the subject, much of it at the interface between pragmatics and other core areas of inquiry. It looks at the pragmatics-cognition interface and relevance theory before examining the interfaces between pragmatics and semantics and pragmatics and syntax. Professor Huang illustrates his lively account with examples drawn from English and a wide range of the world's languages. He includes exercises and essay topics at the end of each chapter, and offers guidance and suggested solutions at the end of the volume. He provides a full glossary of terms and guides to further reading. This is the ideal textbook for students of linguistics. It will also be a valuable resource for scholars and students of language in philosophy, psychology, anthropology, and computer science.

- An original contribution to the scholarly debates about the Europeanisation of private law — Based on research from the Study Group on a European Civil Code — Advances a set of systematically presented rules similar to national Civil Codes as a set of Common European Principles for the functioning of the Common Market The Study Group on a European Civil Code has taken upon itself the task of drafting common European principles for the most important aspects of the law of obligations and for certain parts of the law of property in movables which are especially relevant for the functioning of the common market. Like the Commission on European Contract Law's «Principles of European Contract Law», the results of the research conducted by the Study Group on a European Civil Code seek to advance the process of Europeanisation of private law. Among other topics the series tackles sales and service contracts, distribution contracts and security rights, renting contracts and loan agreements, negotiorum gestio, delicts and unjustified enrichment law, transfer of property, and trust law. The principles furnish each of the national jurisdictions a grid reference. They can be agreed upon by the parties within the framework of the rules of private international law. They may provide a stimulus to both the national and European legislator for moulding private law. Beyond this, they aim to further discussion about the creation of a European Civil Code, or a Common Frame of Reference in the area of patrimonial law, by submitting a concrete model. The «Principles of European Law» are published in co-operation with Bruylant (Belgium), Sellier. European Law Publishers (Germany) Staempfli Publishers Ltd. (Switzerland).

- An original contribution to the scholarly debates about the Europeanisation of private law — Based on research from the Study Group on a European Civil Code — Advances a set of systematically presented rules similar to national Civil Codes as a set of Common European Principles for the functioning of the Common Market The Study Group on a European Civil Code has taken upon itself the task of drafting common European principles for the most important aspects of the law of obligations and for certain parts of the law of property in movables which are especially relevant for the functioning of the common market. Like the Commission on European Contract Law's «Principles of European Contract Law», the results of the research conducted by the Study Group on a European Civil Code seek to advance the process of Europeanisation of private law. Among other topics the series tackles sales and service contracts, distribution contracts and security rights, renting contracts and loan agreements, negotiorum gestio, delicts and unjustified enrichment law, transfer of property, and trust law. The principles furnish each of the national jurisdictions a grid reference. They can be agreed upon by the parties within the framework of the rules of private international law. They may provide a stimulus to both the national and European legislator for moulding private law. Beyond this, they aim to further discussion about the creation of a European Civil Code, or a Common Frame of Reference in the area of patrimonial law, by submitting a concrete model. The «Principles of European Law» are published in co-operation with Bruylant (Belgium), Sellier. European Law Publishers (Germany) and Staempfli Publishers Ltd. (Switzerland).

Principles of Finance with Excel is the first finance text that comprehensively integrates Excel into the teaching and practice of finance. Finance is inherently a topic requiring lots of computation and in today's business world this computation is almost wholly carried out in Excel. Despite this, many books rely heavily on hand calculators, and business school students often find that when they leave the academic environment they have to relearn both finance and Excel. The Excel-based approach of Principles of Finance with Excel gives better tools to the instructor and the student and integrates the educational message with the most useful financial tool available. There are no financial calculator examples in Principles of Finance with Excel , just Excel. The resulting message is clear: The Practice of Finance goes hand-in-hand with Excel. As every Excel user knows, a spreadsheet is not just a «computational tool», a slightly more sophisticated twist on the calculator. Using a spreadsheet gives new and deeper insights into financial decision making. The ability to combine graphics with computation, the powerful functions incorporated into the spreadsheet, and the ease with which sensitivity analysis can be done-all these give potent insights into financial problems.

- A comprehensive source of up to date primary and secondary materials — A source recognized and cited by the judiciary — Includes the latest developments in the area such as the vindication of property rights principle, restitutionary remedies for breach of contract, restitutionary remedies against public authorities, and the defence of change of position — Useful for a range of jurisdictions, including England and Wales, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and in the Far East. The second edition of this textbook lays out the key principles which underlie that body of law known as the law of restitution. This subject was recognised by the House of Lords as a discrete body of law fifteen years ago — although restitutionary principles have, in fact, been evolving for over 200 years. Since the recognition of the subject by the House of Lords the subject has developed dramatically, and even more rapidly since the publication of the first edition of this text in 1999. The law of restitution is concerned with the questions of when restitutionary remedies may be awarded. These are remedies which operate to deprive defendants of gains rather than to compensate claimants for losses. The traditional approach to the subject assumes that restitutionary remedies are only available to reverse unjust enrichment. In this book the author asserts that restitutionary remedies are triggered by three different types of action: The reversal of the defendant's unjust enrichment The commission of a wrong by the defendant The vindication of the claimant's property rights Since the publication of the first edition of this book this model has increasingly been recognised by the courts. In this book the law is examined through analyses of key cases and relevant statutory provisions, demonstrating the way in which the law in used to solve a wide variety of legal problems. The very different views of academics on the nature and ambit of the subject are also carefully considered. The result will be invaluable to students on restitution courses at every level, practitioners and those engaged in research on the subject.

- A comprehensive source of up to date primary and secondary materials — A source recognized and cited by the judiciary — Includes the latest developments in the area such as the vindication of property rights principle, restitutionary remedies for breach of contract, restitutionary remedies against public authorities, and the defence of change of position — Useful for a range of jurisdictions, including England and Wales, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and in the Far East. The second edition of this textbook lays out the key principles which underlie that body of law known as the law of restitution. This subject was recognised by the House of Lords as a discrete body of law fifteen years ago — although restitutionary principles have, in fact, been evolving for over 200 years. Since the recognition of the subject by the House of Lords the subject has developed dramatically, and even more rapidly since the publication of the first edition of this text in 1999. The law of restitution is concerned with the questions of when restitutionary remedies may be awarded. These are remedies which operate to deprive defendants of gains rather than to compensate claimants for losses. The traditional approach to the subject assumes that restitutionary remedies are only available to reverse unjust enrichment. In this book the author asserts that restitutionary remedies are triggered by three different types of action: The reversal of the defendant's unjust enrichment The commission of a wrong by the defendant The vindication of the claimant's property rights Since the publication of the first edition of this book this model has increasingly been recognised by the courts. In this book the law is examined through analyses of key cases and relevant statutory provisions, demonstrating the way in which the law in used to solve a wide variety of legal problems. The very different views of academics on the nature and ambit of the subject are also carefully considered. The result will be invaluable to students on restitution courses at every level, practitioners and those engaged in research on the subject.

- The PCA is a long-standing legal institution and a respected editor of a 7 volume series on issues of international law — Important, topical subject matter including recent innovative institutions such as the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund and the International Criminal Court — Brings together for the first time a broad scope of subject matter covering diverse mass claims processes — Renowned authors with diversity of relevant experience — Includes a reprint of Volume 1 of the Final Report of the Special Master for the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund This volume from the International Bureau of the PCA presents a collection of studies on innovative responses to the unique challenges of resolving large numbers of claims arising from common, often tragic, circumstances-mass claims. The mass claims processes discussed in this volume were created in the aftermath of war or other atrocities, and redress is often an important component of settlement for the victims. The authors consider mass claims processes both from a conceptual and a practical perspective through lessons learned over twenty-five years. This book covers innovations to speed mass claims processes by means of new standards of proof and the use of information technology, as well as specific mass claims processes: the United Nations Compensation Commission; the Austrian General Settlement Fund; the French Commission for the Compensation of Victims of Spoliation; the German Forced Labour Compensation Programme; and the reparations provisions of the Statute of the International Criminal Court. From a North American perspective, authors address the litigation of mass claims involving slavery under United States law, the United States Indian Claims Commission, and the successful completion of the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund. In addition, Volume 1 of the Final Report of the Special Master of the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund is reprinted in its entirety. The responses of the international community to current issues of compensation and reparations, the role of civil society actors in reparations legislation, and recent instruments adopted by the Council of Europe and the United Nations Commission on Human Rights are also reviewed.

- Discusses the proliferation of regional trade agreements which represent a significant challenge to WTO law — The co-existence of RTAs and the WTO raises critical issues of fragmentation of international trade law and jurisdictional competition — Contributors include scholars, government officials, and experts from international organizations, offering practical, conceptual, institutional, and official perspectives The proliferation of regional trade agreements, including both free trade agreements and customs unions, over the past decade has provoked many new legal issues in WTO law, public international law, and an emerging law of regional trade agreements. The various Parts of this book chart this development from a number of perspectives. Part 1 introduces the economic and political underpinnings of regional trade agreements, their constitutional functions, and their role as a locus for integrating trade and human rights. Part 2 examines the WTO rules governing regional trade agreements, focusing on a number of areas in which regional trade agreements prove problematic, such as trade remedies, regulatory standards and rules of origin. Part 3 investigates areas in which regional trade agreements go beyond WTO rules, in areas such as intellectual property, investment, competition, services, sustainable development and mutual recognition, while Part 4 is devoted to the dispute settlement mechanisms of regional trade agreements, and includes illuminating case studies. Part 5 explores the interrelationship between regional trade agreements and the WTO system from the perspective of public international law, involving questions with significance beyond the trade community.

- Discusses the proliferation of regional trade agreements which represent a significant challenge to WTO law — The co-existence of RTAs and the WTO raises critical issues of fragmentation of international trade law and jurisdictional competition — Contributors include scholars, government officials, and experts from international organizations, offering practical, conceptual, institutional, and official perspectives The proliferation of regional trade agreements, including both free trade agreements and customs unions, over the past decade has provoked many new legal issues in WTO law, public international law, and an emerging law of regional trade agreements. The various Parts of this book chart this development from a number of perspectives. Part 1 introduces the economic and political underpinnings of regional trade agreements, their constitutional functions, and their role as a locus for integrating trade and human rights. Part 2 examines the WTO rules governing regional trade agreements, focusing on a number of areas in which regional trade agreements prove problematic, such as trade remedies, regulatory standards and rules of origin. Part 3 investigates areas in which regional trade agreements go beyond WTO rules, in areas such as intellectual property, investment, competition, services, sustainable development and mutual recognition, while Part 4 is devoted to the dispute settlement mechanisms of regional trade agreements, and includes illuminating case studies. Part 5 explores the interrelationship between regional trade agreements and the WTO system from the perspective of public international law, involving questions with significance beyond the trade community.

- Analyses changes in industry regulation and makes interconnections with theoretical perspectives — Examines a wide range of alternatives to traditional regulation — Written by an international group of contributors, with case studies from the Netherlands, the USA, Singapore, New Zealand, and the UK — Looks at the topical controversies of non-state actors and globalization Democratization, globalization, and increased environmental awareness have had a profound impact on the regulation of industry in the energy and natural resources sector. This book analyses the changes in character of the way this industry is regulated, and seeks to make connections with theoretical perspectives on regulation as a major part of the modern legal system. Part I examines the emergence of alternatives to regulation, such as 'soft law' in developing countries, the European Electricity and Gas Directives of 1996 and 1998, the idea of regulation of company structure as opposed to performance, multi-faceted government alternative regulatory instruments, and market mechanics. Part II analyses conventional methods of regulation, and how they have evolved, including case studies from the Netherlands, the USA, Singapore, New Zealand, and the UK. Part III looks at regulatory innovations such as environmental audit, self-regulation, the 'Voluntary Action Plan', private-sector standard setting, and certification. Part IV examines the role of non-state actors, and their response to national and supranational regulatory changes, and globalization. Recent shifts in the perception of energy security, failures in energy company corporate governance, and evolving self-regulatory frameworks renders this a timely and worthy examination of the issues facing the energy and natural resources industry today.

- A unique and practical guide to remedies available under international law for human and civil rights violations — The only work to cover remedies in all international fora — Provides comprehensive coverage of an area of increasing practical and academic importance — The First Edition was Winner of the ASIL Certificate of Merit 2000 This fully revised and updated new edition of Remedies in International Human Rights Law provides a comprehensive treatment of remedies for human rights violations and reviews the jurisprudence of international tribunals on these violations. It provides a theoretical framework and a practical guide for lawyers, judges, and academics interested in human rights law. This edition also incorporates a new chapter on historical injustices. All the cases of the Inter-American and European Courts of Human Rights are included, as well as decisions of the African and Inter-American Commissions on Human Rights, UN bodies, the European Court of Justice, international administrative tribunals, and national courts applying human rights law.

- The book has a unique focus entirely on retroactivity, a subject normally dealt with only as a subset of constitutional law — The book touches on some very topical areas, such as the use of retroactivity in the fight against terrorism. Highly controversial current issues, eg: Guantanamo Bay detainees, Patriot Act etc — The book has a very wide readership potential, retroactivity is a controversial constitutional and ethical issue across UK and USA especially, and Australasia and Canada also. Retrospective rule-making has few supporters and many opponents. Defenders of retrospective laws generally do so on the basis that they are a necessary evil in specific or limited circumstances, for example to close tax loopholes, to deal with terrorists or to prosecute fallen tyrants. Yet the reality of retrospective rule making is far more widespread than this, and ranges from 'corrective' legislation to 'interpretive regulations' to judicial decision making. The search for a rational justification for retrospective rule-making necessitates a reconsideration of the very nature of the rule of law and the kind of law that can rule, and will provide new insights into the nature of law and the parameters of societal order. This book examines the various ways in which laws may be seen as retrospective and analyses the problems in defining retrospectivity. In his analysis Dr Charles Sampford asserts that the definitive argument against retrospective rule-making is the expectation of individuals that, if their actions today are considered by a future court, the applicable law was discoverable at the time the action was performed. The book goes on to suggest that although the strength of this 'rule of law' argument should prevail in general, exceptions are sometimes necessary, and that there may even be occasions when analysis of the rule of law may provide the foundation for the application of retrospective laws.

- A comparative study of revolution and civil society — Documents and explains the major differences in the history, rules, and institutions of three major legal professions The revolutions of France, the United States, and England each inspired dreams of creating legal institutions that did not depend on specialist intermediaries, and, in different ways, provoked attacks on the existing rules and government of the legal profession more widespread and severe than at any other time in their history. These dreams came to naught and, sooner or later, the professions recovered, but their revolutionary experiences nevertheless had a lasting impact on their subsequent organization, and help to explain why three previously convergent professions should diverge as their societies industrialised. The social upheaval of industrialization may also help to explain many of their peculiarities down to the present day: why, for instance, French advocates imposed such strict ethical obligations on themselves, from which they were only released by the state in 1992, why American lawyers should be the first to be at ease in the market, but faced intractable problems of professional self-government, why two professions should emerge in England, both with a high degree of self-government, and both long indifferent to law schools and to the market for legal services. Since lawyers were the first occupation to organize as a profession, this insightful comparative inquiry then asks what their experience might tell us about other organized occupations in these three societies, and the difference between their educational institutions, their division of labour, their civil societies and lesser forms of government, and about the ways they have been stratified and formed classes.

- The Framework Convention is the principal international document establishing minority rights in a legally binding way — Article-by-article guide to all major aspects of minority rights — Many minority rights e.g. political participation, non-assimilation, and the use of native languages are not covered by other major Human Rights agreements — Commentary incorporates drafting history and implementation practice — Clear and detailed interpretation of the provisions of the Convention The rights of minorities are becoming increasingly important, especially in the context of enlargement of the European Union, yet there are remarkably few treaties dealing with minority rights under international law. One of these is the Council of Europe's Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. This volume provides the first expert commentary on the Convention, which is the principal international document establishing minority rights in a legally binding way. Many minority rights such as those to political participation, non-assimilation, and the use of native languages are not incorporated in other major Human Rights agreements. The Convention is therefore often taken to be the leading standard in the international law of minority rights. This commentary offers a detailed article-by-article analysis of the Convention, by a group of international legal experts in minority rights. Their commentary draws upon the Convention's negotiating history and implementation practice, in addition to examining the pronouncements of the Advisory Committee, which is the implementation body attached to the treaty. It offers a clear sense of the concrete meaning of the provisions of the Convention to scholars, students, and members of minority rights groups.

- First text to provide a thorough account of Russian foreign relations and investment law — Gives perspectives on both the foreigner trading into Russia and foreign investors exporting from Russia — Covers all important topics in one easy to use volume — Provides detailed explanations of the topics covered and valuable references to Russian primary material for further research — Written by an acknowledged and respected expert in the field Russian Foreign Relations and Investment Law is the fourth volume in OUP's Russian law mini-series and is the first comprehensive study of Russian foreign relations law which examines the legal rights of, and limitations on, foreigners in Russia. Increasing investment in Russia makes this an ideal time to publish a further volume with the focus on this area. With the emphasis placed on the commercial investor, Butler provides a thorough guide from both perspectives of the foreigner trading into Russia and the foreign investor exporting from within Russia. Through twelve logical chapters Butler covers areas such as foreign trade law, foreign investment law, different types of foreigners and thier rights, aspects of employment law, civil law rights and duties, and general principles of international law all within the context of the Russian legal system. This text is a welcome addition to the other titles in series:The Civil Code of the Russian Federation , Russian Company and Commercial Legislation and the second edition of Professor Butler's acclaimed general text Russian Law.

- Concerns one of today's most controversial issues which has prompted debate about constitutional reform in the US, and is set to become legalised in the UK as of December 2005 — Considers fundamental question of whether civil partnerships can satisfy the demands of equal treatment — Considers the constitutional implications of the reformation of the House of Lords and the possible creation of a Supreme Court in the UK Based on the 2005 Oxford Clarendon Lectures in Law, this book deals with the remarkable change in society's attitude to homosexuality over the last half century. Until 1967 homosexual acts were punished by the criminal law and as recently as 1988 Parliament forbade teachers from suggesting that homosexuality was an acceptable family relationship. In 2005 Parliament passed the Civil Partnership Act, which creates a framework in which same-sex couples can have their relationship legally recognised in much the same way as marriage. This book looks at the essentials of the civil partnerships contruct, and asks whether it is really creating an institution of 'gay marriage'? If not, the next question to ask is whether civil partnership can satisfy the demands for equality increasingly being made by the gay community? In the United States, the courts have taken an active and progressive stance, holding that to deny marriage to same sex couples and leave them with mere partnership is to create a 'separate but equal' situation historically associated with the racial discrimination now universally recognised as unconstitutional and morally unjustifiable. However, the political climate has risen to a fever pitch with the current administration's push for constitutional amendment to ban outright gay marriage. In the UK the courts have been less activist, but the potential creation of a Supreme Court raises important questions about the boundaries between the roles of judiciary, the legislature, and government; and whether the judiciary should play a more constitutionally active role than has thus far been traditional?

Clear guidance for anyone with financial responsibility for a company.

- The first article by article commentary on the most important court in international law — Commentary on the Statute is augmented by commentary on provisions of the UN Charter relating to the Court — Four extra chapters add broader context: Historical Introduction, Relationship with Other International — Courts and Tribunals, General Principles of Procedural Law and Discontinuation and Withdrawal The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations and plays a central role in both the peaceful settlement of international disputes and the development of international law. This first ever comprehensive Commentary on the Statute of the International Court of Justice, analyses in detail not only the Statute of the Court itself but also the related provisions of the United Nations Charter as well as the relevant provisions of the Court's Rules of Procedure. The Commentary provides a comprehensive overview and analysis of all legal questions and issues the Court has had to address in the past and will have to address in the future. It illuminates the central issues of procedure and substance that the Court and counsel appearing before it face in their day-to-day work. In addition to commentary covering all of the articles of the Statute of the ICJ, plus the relevant articles of the Charter of the United Nations, the book includes three scene-setting chapters: Historical Introduction, General Principles of Procedural Law, and Discontinuation and Withdrawal. The combination of expert editors and commentators and the central importance of the work of the ICJ will make this a landmark publication in the field of international law.

The world's blueprint for sustainable development

- Interdisciplinary; incorporating political science, economics, legal, and business studies — Historical narratives on the role of powerful firms in shaping public policies, for example on the origins of offshore banking — Sheds new empirical light on the heated controversy over corporate social responsibility In order to understand international economic regulations, it is essential to understand the variation in competing corporations' interests. Political science theories have neglected the role of individual firms as causal actors. Theories of institutions have neglected to examine the creation of business law. Economic theories have neglected to apply concepts of asset specificity to social regulations in competitive industries. This book aims to fill these voids with a company-based explanation. Its theoretical findings open a 'black box' in the literature on international political economy and elucidate a source of regulatory differences and similarities. Counter-intuitive case studies reveal how business and governments actually interact. They also contribute to both sides of current debates over corporate social responsibility. They examine diverse topics including offshore finance, flags-of-convenience, CFC production, capital requirements, the importation and sale of 'dolphin-lethal' tuna, and the advertising of infant formulae. By exploring powerful corporations' investment profiles and regulatory strategies, this book explains why globalization sometimes results in a 'race to the bottom', sometimes in higher common regulations, and sometimes in regulations that differ between countries. Uniquely, it then explains which regulatory outcome is likely to occur under specified conditions. The explanation incorporates economics, political science, studies of regulatory capture, and examinations of transaction costs, firms' regulatory strategies, and the roles international institutions.

- Complete practical guide to preparing for and conducting a summary assessment of costs hearing — Slim and light volume: easy to carry and take to every court hearing — Contains expert guidance and case law on the most commonly arising issues, including preparation of the schedule of costs, increasing recovery of costs, and how to challenge a successful party's bill of costs — Up to date to include the November 2005 reforms to CFA regulations — Includes all key Civil Procedure Rules and statutory materials on costs — Clear layout allows for easy, at a glance, reference in the adjournment period before an assessment hearing — Comprehensive checklists assist with preparation — Contains information about further resources for more in depth analysis Under the Civil Procedure Rules 1998 a court must carry out a summary assessment of costs in any trial or hearing that lasts one day or less. Practitioners who prepare for and represent clients in such hearings can greatly improve their client's chances of reducing their liability for costs, or enhancing the level of costs they can recover, if they are well-versed in the relevant costs law and procedure. This is a practical and portable guide which contains everything practitioners and judges need to know in order to conduct a summary assessment of costs in the County Court, or the High Court or the Court of Appeal. Arranged in a logical and accessible way, which enables reference at a a glance, the book includes expert commentary and analysis on the most commonly arising issues, carefully selected appendices, and checklists aimed at the busy practitioner. The book is fully up-to-date to include the November 2005 reforms to CFA regulations. Examples of areas covered are: when summary assessments are appropriate, what order the parties should be asking for, the impact of Part 36 offers and the conduct of the parties, issues arising from the funding of the claim, and pointers on how to prepare, attack and defend a costs schedule. In addition to key statutory material and extracts from the Civil Procedure Rules 1998, the appendices include SCCO guideline rates for solicitors' and barristers' fees, and relevant solicitors' costs materials. Written and edited by leading specialists in costs law, Summary Assessment of Costs will help those preparing for and appearing at summary assessments to keep one step ahead of the opposition.

- Provides day to day guidance on the application of the law for practitioners, police officers, and other investigators alike — Includes the RIPA 2000 Codes of Practice and all other relevant legislation allowing easy access to key source material — Provides useful guidance notes, case law, codes, rules, regulations with commentary, footnotes, and cross-referencing to key sections, as a guide to the law relating to surveillance and the covert gathering of intelligence This handbook, containing annotated materials and case summaries brought together in one volume, is an essential guide for practitioners, police officers, and other investigators alike. Focusing on the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA) and the Investigatory Powers Tribunal established by the Act, it is a practical tool for use both pre-trial and during trial. The book includes all relevant materials and guidance, case law, codes, rules, and regulations with commentary, footnotes, and cross-referencing to key sections, providing quick and easy access to the law relating to surveillance and the covert gathering of intelligence.